UVC安全吗？

紫外线和健康效果

The UV range of the electromagnetic radiation spectrum goes from 10 nm to 400 nm. Depending on the wavelength and time of exposure, UV radiation may cause harm to the eyes and skin.

UV光谱分为四个部分：

• UVA（315nm至400 nm）
• UVB（280nm至315 nm）
• UVC(200 nm to 280 nm)
• UV Vacuum (100 nm to 200 nm)

Decreasing wavelengths correspond with higher frequency radiation and a higher amount of energy per photon.

Biological Effect of UV Light

虽然UVB辐射被广泛认识到其对人体皮肤的有害影响和与皮肤癌的联系，但每个UV带（UVA，UVB和UVC）为人类产生不同的风险。

UVCradiation refers to wavelengths shorter than 280 nm. These wavelengths are entirely absorbed by our atmosphere and no natural UVC radiation reaches the earth's surface. These wavelengths are available through artificial sources, such as新万博客户端。

The intensity from point sources like UVC LEDs falls off as 1 over distance squared, and once it gets past the scattering length, it falls off exponentially. This means that 1) the further away the UVC source from a human, the lesser dose he is exposed to, and 2) the absorption length of UVC radiation in human skin is extremely short so that almost no UVC radiation can reach the living cells in the skin; all the absorption occurs in the dead cell layers.

Learn about how a UVC LED works

在罕见的延长直接暴露于UVC光的罕见情况下，临时眼睛和皮肤损伤已经表现出来，例如角膜损伤（有时被称为“焊接的眼睛”），尽管这通常在几天后愈合。因此，具有UVC LED的安全建议包括保护皮肤（特别是开放的伤口），最重要的是万博捕鱼手机游戏新万博客户端，来自UVC辐射的眼睛。

The EU health agency’s safety guidelines on the use of UVC sources can be found这里。特别是，研究得出结论：

“In any case, UVC is strongly attenuated by chromophores in the upper epidermis (Young, 1997) and UVC-induced DNA damage in the dividing basal layer of human epidermis is not readily detected (Campbell et al, 1993; Chadwick et al, 1995) which may explain why the dose response curve for UVC erythema in human skin is very much less steep than for UVB (Diffey and Farr, 1991). It is unlikely that UVC from artificial sources presents an acute or long-term hazard to human skin. However, UVC is likely to cause acute photokeratitis… UVC exposure is unlikely to cause acute or long-term damage to the skin but can cause severe acute damage to the eye and should not be permitted at all from any tanning device.”

同样的研究发现，有关人工光辐射产生的风险暴露的最低健康和安全要求（2006/25 / EC) - albeit for all UV bands combined: “Exposure limit value for UV (180-400nm) is 30 J/m²(= daily value of 8h)”

UVC对皮肤的影响

急性（短期）效应包括皮肤的发红或溃疡。在高水平的曝光下，这些烧伤可能是严重的。对于慢性（长期）曝光，还存在累积风险，这取决于您的一生中的曝光量。大型累积暴露的长期风险包括皮肤和皮肤癌的过早老化。

个人防护装备（PPE）

UV辐射容易被衣服，塑料或玻璃吸收。一旦吸收，UV辐射不再有效。在维护，服务或其他情况下使用开放式紫外线辐射时，建议使用覆盖所有暴露区域的个人防护设备。在UVC设备周围工作时，应该：

• Use UV goggles and/or full-face shields
  • Prescription glasses and normal safety glasses do not protect eyes from UV exposure, so ANSI Z87 rated eyeglasses with wrap around lens to protect the side exposure is recommended. Consult with ANSI Z87 manufacturers for proper UV exposure protection equipment.
• 使用实验室外套，丁腈手套或其他实验室服装覆盖任何暴露的皮肤

Safety Design/Control/Monitoring/Maintenance

短波紫外线照射可以降低through product safety design considerations and controls. For example, safety switches wired in series allow UVC sources to be turned off without exposing workers to UV light. Or placing ON/OFF switches for UVC light sources separate from general room lighting in locations only accessible by authorized persons. Switch locations should be locked or password protected to ensure that the UVC source is not accidentally turned on. Each UVC system should have the option of a viewport so workers can view the lamp assembly without the possibility of over-exposure to UVC.

Proper installation, monitoring, education of maintenance personnel, signage and use of safety switches can help to avoid overexposure. The operating instructions and recommendations for proper use of any UV system should be kept for reference to reduce hazardous exposure. These should be clearly visible for the operators or maintenance personnel and include the temperature and relative humidity ranges specified by the system design to ensure safe operation. Maintenance should be performed according to manufacturer’s instructions electric power should always be turned off to prevent accidental exposure. There are no standard guidelines for monitoring UV equipment, but there are commercial UV monitors that detect output or leakage.

反应紫外线暴露

急性暴露于紫外线辐射的影响通常不严重，许多症状被延迟。如果UV曝光，建议使用以下操作：

• See an ophthalmologist if eye damage is suspected
• 立即治疗皮肤病变
• Follow your organization’s EHS incident reporting procedure. These often require documentation of the date and time of the incident, persons involved, equipment involved and type of injury.

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